Theory of Knowledge Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Theory of Knowledge Persuasive Essay Knowledge plays a crucial role in our lives, however we tend to accept the existence of it without really thinking how we came to know what we know. As Plato once said, â€Å"Knowledge is the food of the soul†, and with technology growing exponentially, we often forget that knowledge is not just some article on the internet. With the indoctrination of society claiming that the only key to success is through absorbing as much â€Å"information† as possible, we have undervalued the importance of experience, and what knowledge really is. Knowledge is information we attain and process, which we come to believe is true, through the nine epistemologies. Sense perception can be considered to be one of the strongest foundation for the basis of knowledge. We utilize our different senses to perceive what is true or false, similar to t, it matches to the correspondence theory. The correspondence theory is based on evident information that determines if a certain claim or statement matches to the reality. For example, I know a dog is biting my arm, because my arms can feel it, and I can see it chewing my arm. We will write a custom essay on Theory of Knowledge Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many people can disagree that sensory perception is flawed due to our knowledge filters, where our experience and emotion expect a certain thing, which would produce biased views towards a certain subject. An example of this idea could be from spending time in Magic Club. When a magician says he will put the card on the top of the deck, and when we see hit, we believe that the card chosen is at the top of the deck. In reality, the magician sneaked the card on the bottom, pretending to put it on the top. But to those who can see this trick can easily notice the truth, or the knowledge of where the card is. This can connect similarly to logic. Logic is another strong foundation for all source of knowledge. When my mom takes the grocery discount card with her when she leaves my house, she is going to the grocery store because she usually doesn’t bring it with her when she leaves the house. This analytic approach in what we see is a strong source of knowledge for 2 reasons: first, logic is basic and obvious information that we already know, and it does not interfere with our emotion. This means that it is straight out fact, with no doubts. Secondly, logic is â€Å"the science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference† (Dictionary. com) This states that logic is a reasoning that has been observed, experimented and assessed with firm roots of rationality. Sometimes, logic can backfire and create misunderstanding, when not observed properly. Logic can sometimes lead into more absurd knowledge. However, when taking the context into consideration, such problem does not tend to occur. Despite the different epistemologies that contributes to a stronger basis of knowledge, faith has proven to be one of the weak foundations of knowledge. Statistically, 2. 1 billion people on Earth are Christians. Therefore, there is only one unique god. This is a highly doubtful statement, especially when it contradicts with other religions, where another billion people believe in the existence of multiple gods. Faith, by definition, is complete trust or confidence in someone or something. This means that when I have faith in my teacher to give me an A on a research assignment, I still have the odds of receiving a lower score. Faith requires no empirical evidence, and is very impractical for those who wishes to fill their minds with pure justified beliefs. Despite our modern society undervaluing the importance of the nine epistemologies, it is empirical to say that we has people practice strong epistemologies such has utilizing sense perception and logically analyzing things we see. After all, maybe our souls can be fed with great finesse.

The Greater East Asia War And The A-Bomb Essays - Free Essays

The Greater East Asia War And The A-Bomb Essays - Free Essays The Greater East Asia War And The A-Bomb 3. The Greater East Asia War and the A-Bomb 3.1 The Greater East Asia war Along with expansion of its role as a military city, Hiroshima became a modern city. After the Manchurian Incident, the Shanghai Incident, and the outbreak of the full-scale war between Japan and China, the Japanese army and navy launched an attack on the northen Malay Peninsula and attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 8, 1941 (Japan time). Japan rushed into the Greater East Asia War (the Pacific War). In Hiroshima, a center of military affairs since the Sino-Japanese and the Russo-Japanese wars, military installations were expanded and various heavy industries developed rapidly. In 1942, a Marine headquarters (under the command of Lieutenant General Fumio Saeki) was set up in Ujina, and related units were placed on the coast around Hiroshima City. Later, when the atomic bomb was dropped, these units, located about 4 kilometers away from the city, escaped destruction. They sent out relief squads and took a very active part in aiding the wounded, clearing the dead bodies and cleaning the streets. 3.2 Preparations for the Decisive Battle on the Mainland After the outbreak of the war, the air defense setup of the city was rapidly strengthened and was much stronger than in other cities. However, after Japan, which had been victorious in the early stages of the war, lost the battle of Guadalcanal in 1943, the military situation grew steadily worse, and it appeared that the mainland of Japan would be turned into a battlefield. The army hurriedly prepared for a decisive battle on the mainland. With these preparations Hiroshima was to take on a new role. Japan was divided into two parts; the First General Headquarters was placed in Tokyo, and the Second General Headquarters (under the command of Marshal Shunroku Hata) in Hiroshima, where the headquarters of the Chugoku District Governor-General (led by Isei Otsuka), the highest administrative body commissioned by the central government, was also established. In 1944, U.S. forces occupied Saipan, the last strategic point of the Japanese army on the south Pacific front, and established an air base from which to attack the mainland of Japan. In November full-scale air raids were begun, devastating the cities of Japan one by one. Under such conditions, Hiroshima City began the evacuation of students above the third grade of elementary school and of other citizens whose presence was not essential. With the threat of incendiary bombings, demolition of buildings to make fire lanes was carried out on a wide scale. For the demolition of buildings, volunteer army corps in various places, organized according to the National Volunteer Army Conscription Law, and mobilized students of various middle schools and girls' schools were gathered to engage in the work each day. An evacuation plan for citizens was made in preparation for the outbreak of a major conflagration caused by air raids. The evacuation destination of each neighborhood association was specified in advance in order to avoid confusion. The evacuation of people that had been organized at the outset of the air raids was prohibited near the end of the war in order to secure personnel necessary for air defense. 3.3 Demolition of Hiroshima On August 6 1945, one atomic bomb instantly destroyed almost all of the houses and buildings in Hiroshima. They caught fire immediately and were reduced to ashes. In the case of wooden houses, those which were within one kilometer of the hypocenter were smashed at the moment of the explopsion. Those in the area between one kilometer and two kilometers from the hypocenter were completely destroyed. Those in the area two to three kilometers away were severely damaged. Even houses three to four kilometers from the center of the explosion were badly damaged. In the case of reinforced concrete buildings, the roofs of those near the center of the explosion collapsed. Some of the buildings were flattened and became piles of rubble. A fierce fire followed destruction by the violent blast caused by the explosion. Every building within one kilometer of the hypocenter was totally destroyed by the fire whether it was wooden or reinforced concrete. The buildings located one to two kilometers from the

Deferred Compensation

Deferred Compensation Deferred compensation plans are arrangements by which a part of an employee’s compensation is paid at a later date, or put into investment instruments that the employee can only access at some point in the future Benefits and Hazards of Deferred Compensation There is a large variety of deferred compensation plans, arrangements by which a part of an employee’s compensation is paid at a later date, or put into investment instruments that the employee can only access at some point in the future. There are two basic reasons for deferred compensation. From the employee’s point of view, it reduces  or at least postpones his income tax liability. For employers, deferred compensation helps to manage payroll costs and can be used as an incentive for better employee performance. Types of Deferred Compensation The most common type of deferred compensation plan is the â€Å"defined contribution plan†: A  portion of the employee’s pay is deducted and invested on his behalf, usually in some form of mutual fund.   These are familiar to workers in the US as the â€Å"401(k)†, named after the section of Internal Revenue Code that pertains to them. The deferment from the employee’s salary is made before income taxes are withheld, which is a benefit to both employees and the employer. Employees do not pay taxes on their investments until they withdraw them sometime in the future, and employers are able to reduce the amount of withheld taxes they must remit to the government. Many employers also match all or part of the employee’s contribution, providing an extra incentive for employees to participate in the program; this helps to reduce the company’s transactions costs for maintaining the investment package. In the US, 401(k) programs have the added security of being protected by law from creditors in case of the company’s bankruptcy, although the value of the employees’ investments can fluctuate; in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, millions of US workers saw the value of their 401(k) savings drop as stock markets plummeted. Other kinds of deferred compensation packages not covered by the same regulations as 401(k) programs are more risky, although they generally offer higher returns. Non-401(k) programs are generally only offered to the highest-earning employees who also pay the highest rates of income tax. The main reason for these kinds of programs is that there are legal limits on the amount of money that can be deferred into a 401(k). The main risk is that there is much less regulation of non-401(k) programs, and they are not protected from bankruptcy. Many workers in the US discovered they had lost their investments in the wake of the financial crisis when their employers declared bankruptcy. Read also:  Financial Rewards  |  Money Makes the World Go Around Stock purchase plans and stock option plans are also common forms of deferred compensation: In a stock purchase plan, the company establishes a trust to receive employee contributions, which are converted to shares of the company’s stock.   Stock purchase plans are regulated in much the same manner as 401(k) programs, the only real difference being that instead of contributions being invested in an array of mutual funds, they are only reinvested in the company. The plan is popular with employers and employees alike; for employers, the stock purchase program is reflected in better cash flow and tax savings and is seen as a useful tool to increase employee productivity. Employees benefit by gaining an ownership stake in the company, and some small degree of control over the growth in value of their investments. Stock option plans differ in that the employee is not actually compensated in the form of stock, but â€Å"earns† options to purchase the company’s stock at a low fixed price in the future.   A stock option plan has most of the same benefits as a stock purchase plan  but allows the company to keep control over its shares for a longer period. Employees in rapidly-growing companies benefit the most from stock option plans; a well-known recent example is Facebook, which launched a highly-publicized – and unintentionally controversial – IPO in 2012. Facebook employees who had exercised their options prior to the IPO were able to profit handsomely from the high price Facebook shares fetched in the market, but their returns were reduced somewhat by a condition that they hold their shares for a time before selling them; Facebook’s share price dropped rapidly after the IPO, so employees who waited too long to sell shares saw very little profit, or even lost money in some cases. Another less well-known version of a stock-based deferred compensation plan is called the â€Å"phantom† stock plan: It provides employees benefits similar to those they would receive from owning company stock, without actually giving stock to the employees.   For example, employees might be compensated in â€Å"stock credits† equivalent to shares of stock, from which they can receive bonus payments based on the stock’s performance or dividends paid. Because phantom stock plans are hard to regulate and do not provide many benefits to employers as conventional purchase or option plans. What Should  Employees Look for in Deferred Compensation Plans? Because deferred compensation programs are based on investments that can lose as well as gain value, employees considering a compensation offer should make sure they understand the details of the deferred compensation package. 401(k) programs are the most highly-regulated and most secure  but vary in the specific funds or investment instruments they contain. In the 2008 financial crisis, many 401(k) holders watched their investments vanish  because a large number of 401(k) funds were heavily invested in popular but ultimately worthless mortgage-backed securities. For stock-based deferred compensation plans, the biggest issue is what part of the employee’s compensation the plan is supposed to represent since it is very difficult to quantify the future value of stock. Employees should ask for details about whether a certain level of returns or other incentives is guaranteed, and what limits are imposed on stock purchases or sales. Compensation is compensation, whether deferred or not, and it is up to an  employee  to decide whether or not what he can expect to earn, in whatever form he will receive it, is a fair exchange for his work.

Brown and the Board of Education Research Paper

Brown and the Board of Education - Research Paper Example On May 1954, Landmark civil rights decision was issued by the Supreme Court. The decision declared segregated schools as unconstitutional, thus Doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ schools reached an end. In 1992, George W. Bush signed the Public Law to commemorate the Brown decision of 1954. Background: During much of the American history, federal government dealt with racial issues and disparities by drawing an invisible yet authoritative line between black and white populations. One such attempt was the racial segregation or hyper segregation of white and black children in public schools under the Doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ schools. In Brown v. Board of Education case, brown refers to the one of the most famous fathers of America, Oliver Brown. Oliver Brown decided to seek legal redress when his daughter Linda Brown Thompson was refused enrollment in a white elementary school in Topeka, Kansas. Oliver Brown filed the case against segregated schools in 1 951 in Topeka. The following paper traces the footsteps of plaintiffs as well as the origins of one of the most important Supreme Court decision in American history, which not only molded the future of Topeka, but ultimately changed the entire nation. Brown v. Board of Education: In accordance with various sources, Oliver Brown is considered as a Lead Plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education case. However, Charles Scott Jr. claims that Oliver Brown was not a lead plaintiff but in fact his father along with Mr. Burnett and the NAACP drove the case. It is important to note that the legally mandated, segregation of public schools was not challenged for the first time by the Brown case. Previously, the segregation had also been challenged in the year 1849, by a Boston lawsuit. Furthermore, 11 lawsuits filed cases against legally mandated, segregation of public schools in Kansas, between 1881 and1949. On October 1, 1951, other law suits filed against segregation of school systems in Virg inia, Delaware, South Carolina and District of Columbia. These cases were combined with the Brown case in order to make the overall case strong enough to be presented in America’s highest court. The official name given to the combined cases was Oliver L. Brown et al. v. The Board of Education of Topeka, et al. The case for the Brown plaintiffs was meticulously and authoritatively argued in the Supreme Court by NCAAP legal counsel Thurgood Marshall, who became the first African American to argue a case in the American Supreme Court. On May 17, 1954, a unanimous landmark decision was issued by the United States Supreme Court regarding the Oliver L. Brown et al. v. The Board of Education of Topeka, et al case, which declared the hyper segregation of children in public schools unconstitutional. The Decision was read by Earl Warren, who at that time was the Supreme Court Chief Justice. Following is part of the statement he read: â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public educa tion the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment.† (Patterson et al 2001). The Supreme Court declared that racial segregation has a detrimental effect not only on African American children

Models and Frame Works for Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Models and Frame Works for Nursing - Essay Example The medic using this method should acknowledge that change could happen anytime (Baker,P.2000). They should also know that everyone what is good for them. The Tidal method should take place in three different levels which are the self-domain, world domain and the others domain. Self domain- In this level people are made to feel and identify with their experiences. The domain aims at making the patient feel more secure. The medic helps the patient make a Security Plan. World domain- This is where history is held. The person needs to be understood. The person taking the patient through this process asks questions about the past and reveals their meaning. The medic may also identify what needs to be done for efficient recovery. Other domain- This is a representation of the various relationship the person has. The person gets support from different people. The friend and family may do so. The person may also get financial advice among many others. The main aim of this domain or process i s to help the person live an effective ordinary life. The Tidal Method also uses the metaphor as mentioned earlier. The metaphor mostly used is that of the water. It explains that health is fluid in nature it is never stable. The water also describes how people can become emotionally, physically and spiritually unstable. This metaphor may help the doctor help the patient heal. The metaphor shows that problems do not last forever; they will change as time goes by ( Baker,P.2000). For care to be administered effectively, the person giving the care should realise that life changes and the nature of people to change too. The Tidal model likens experiences to ‘storms in the sea or piracy’ and says that when one is able to heal they are ‘put to sea’. The Tidal model has three group processes; 1. Recovery group- The main aim of this group is to help the person have a good self-esteem. This group makes them realise that they can help others in the society even if t hey were distressed. 2. Solution groups- This group helps the people to explore and share with others their experiences to get solutions for their own lives. 3. Information groups- This group helps the mental patients know of what they are going through. It helps them to know the kind of medication they are using, legal issues among others. Nursing process The patient had the following nursing problems; Sever headache and stomach ache, lack of appetite, he stopped caring about his personal hygiene, he developed unctrollable fear that he would be ran over by a car, he became very antisocial and he became very violent. In this paper, I will look at the two problems that are headache and loss of appetite. For the problems named above the patent should try to relax. This is because the problems could be because of anxiety or distress. Using the Tidal model of nursing, the patient should understand that this problem will last forever and they should take it upon themselves to solve it. T he practitioner should put into practice the three main domains. In the self-domain, the practitioner should make the patient identify with their experience or problem. In the world domain, the practitioner should find out when the problem started and how it has grown to its current state. These questions help him or her identify with the

Department store Essay Example for Free

Department store Essay What are the main organizational causes of the frustration that Ayshia Coles feels? There are some main organizational causes of frustration that Ayshia Coles feels. Firstly, she feels that her responsibilities and line of authority are not clearly defined in the relationship between IT and the bank’s other departments. Secondly, there are many vagueness of requests send to IT. Moreover, FMBT has a problem about communication between units leading to complex problem. Finally, IT staff limited to application so they feels underused. 2. If you were Marshall Pinkard, how would you address both Ayishia’s request for clarification about her authority and responsibilities and the underlying problems be addressed with minor adjustment or would you need to consider a drastic overhaul of the bank organizational structure? What environmental and technological factors would influence your decision? If I were Marshall Pinkard, I would have some temporary solutions. Initially, he should set up a meeting with the company executives and managers for all departments in vertical- redefined the lines of authorities for all managers. He has to lay out the responsibilities for all the managers including Ayishia. Next, he should announce the other department about problems faced by IT and encourage communication among departments. Besides that, he can develop a  innovation process for submitting requests to IT department. Concurrently, he should motivate IT staffs for creative inputs of IT to improve the company. The most important thing is that the FMBT should restructure their organization. Although it will take a long time to achieve it, it makes company’s perform better than now. 3. Sketch a general chart for the type of organization that you think would work best for IT at FMBT?

Love Between a Parent and Child in After Making Love We Hear Footsteps

Love Between a Parent and Child in After Making Love We Hear Footsteps There are several different definitions for the word love. Love is a simple four-letter word, with a multitude of caring and feeling behind it. There is a difference between loving somebody and being in love with somebody. The love between two best friends or between a husband and wife are the types of love that people want to last forever. However, there are no guarantees that it will last forever. Furthermore, the love between family members and the love between a parent and child is the kind of love that will last a life time. In Galway Kinnell’s poem â€Å"After Making Love We Hear Footsteps† Kinnell writes about the love between a parent and child. Galway Kinnell describes the familiar middle of the night act of a child climbing into bed with the parents. The poem begins with the father describing that no matter how much noise is being made, the child is able to sleep through anything. For example, Galway Kinnell states: or play loud music or sit up talking with any reasonably sober Irishman and Fergus will only sink deeper into his dreamless sleep, which goes by all in one flash, However, let there be a slight sound from the parents when they want to be alone and the child wakes up instantly. For example, Galway Kinnell writes in his poem: but let there be that heavy breathing or a stifled come-cry anywhere in the house and he will wrench himself awake Being a parent has many responsibilities. Parents have to give up a lot of their own privacy and time when it comes to their children. For example, starting on line sixteen, Galway Kinnell writes: after making love, quiet, touching along the length of our bod... ...will never die. There may be some times in the child’s life when they think that their parents do not love them. Some families end up not speaking to each other for a long period of time. It could last a couple of days, a couple of weeks, or even a couple of years. No matter how long it takes, the child will always know that they can count on their mother and father loving them forever. The parents will always be there for their children. The children can always rely on the parents for support and complete understanding through the good times and the bad times. Unlike other love relationships, the love relationship between a parent and child will never fade away. There are no guarantees with normal relationships lasting forever. However, the relationship between a parent and child is guaranteed to last forever. They will love each until the day they die.

Scientific Literacy in the Philippines

Module 6: Science Education in the Philippine Society Lesson 13: Scientific Literacy Science Literacy Science is frequently perceived to be of great importance because of its links to technology and industry which, from a national perspective, may be areas with high priority for development. Countries wanting to improve their people’s quality of life cannot escape the need to harness their science and technology capability as a way of developing competitiveness. Consequently, science is included as a core element in elementary and secondary levels despite conceptual complexity and high cost of implementation.Another justification for the inclusion of science in high school curricular is that all citizens need to achieve a degree of â€Å"scientific literacy† to enable them to participate effectively as citizens in modern societies. It is, therefore, important to be guided by past and present experiences in science education to be able to recognize the turning points for the country’s future which we need to decide now. Studies indicate however, that many of our Filipino learners are not attaining functional literacy, without which they find it too difficult to meet the challenges posed by our rapid changing world.Scientific literacy is a related concept to issue of cultural and technological literacy (a term used in recognition of the relationship between science and technology in everyday life). Some scientific educators have attempted to define or analyze it. The term ‘scientific literacy’ has been used in the literature for more than four decades (Gullagher and Harsch, 1997) although not always with the same meaning (Bybee, 1997). Benjamin Shen (1983) distinguishes 3 types of scientific literacy: practical, civic, and scientific cultural literacy.Practical scientific literacy is that kind of scientific and technical knowledge that can be put to use to help solve practical problems. The example given is that of the reduction in the dependence on infant formulae. Also, the use of alternative medicines like herbal plants instead of synthetic ones to prevent the cause of side effects that are harmful to one’s health. Civic scientific literacy enables the citizens to become more aware of science and science related issues so that he can face these issues with common sense. Shen defines civic scientific literacy as â€Å"a level of understanding of scientific terms and constructs sufficient to . . understand the essence of competing arguments on a given dispute on controversy†. An example common in many countries these days is the growing concern about the environment particularly the pollution of air, water and land. Media have contributed much to such awareness by bringing to public attention the activities of active environmental groups. However such concerns are more vigorous and numerous in developed countries than in developing countries. It is time that citizens of developing countries b ecame more aware and attentive to such matters. The third form is cultural scientific literacy.People who seek this form of scientific literacy desire to know something about science as a major human achievement. This group would come mostly from the intellectual community, those who watch television programs like Nova, Invention and similar discovery documentaries. The widely publicized subjects are based on the notion that scientific literacy has 3 components (Hodson) 1. substantive concepts with science 2. the nature of scientific activity 3. role of science in society and culture Norris and Philips(2003) argue that the term â€Å"scientific literacy† has been used to include various components from the following: a.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge of the substantive content of science and the ability to distinguish from non-science; b. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Understanding science and its applications; c. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge of what counts as science; d. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Independence in le arning science; e. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ability to think scientifically; f. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ability to use scientific knowledge in problem solving; g. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge needed for intelligent participation in science-based issues; h. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Understanding the nature of science, including its relationship with culture; i. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appreciation of and comfort with science, including its wonder and curiosity; j.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge of the risks and benefits of science; and k. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ability to think critically about science and to deal with scientific expertise. They cite references to illustrate this. The confusion as to a precise meaning has led to a call to remove such term as a goal for school science literacy for future adult life through a longitudinal international study (OECD, 2007), although this has been criticized, not least because its measures are through written tests and questionnaires, which generally show developing countries to be in poor shape to meet such a goal. Philippine SettingThe Philippines established the National Science Development Board, in 1958 and Philippine Science High Schools or schools with science and tech-oriented classes were established because there is no streaming, or grouping of students according to their intellectual capacity at the higher levels of secondary school. Aims and Objectives The government recognizes the importance of science and technology capability for the development of our industry and country. The education sector collaborates with other government agencies to contribute to the success of government goals.As such, DECS (now DepEd) has focused its efforts towards programs and projects aimed at improving English, Science and Mathematics education in basic education. The objectives of elementary and secondary school science: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of grade VI, the student is expected to apply his scientific knowledge and skills in recogniz ing and solving problems in relation to health and sanitation, nutrition, food production, preparation and storage, environment and the conservation of its resources, and evolving better ways and means of doing things. Bureau of Elementary Education, 1998) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Secondary Science Education Programme aims to develop understanding of concepts and key principles of science, science processes, skills and desirable values to make the students scientifically literate, productive and effective citizens (Bureau of Secondary Education, 1998). Education for three types of literacy can come from both formal and informal sources. In developing countries like the Philippines, informal sources are not as easily accessible as they are in affluent and developed countries.Much of such learning can be derived from museums, science centers, and botanical gardens, zoos, well-ordinate programme of lectures and experiments, visits to manufacturing companies and indus trial sites, science fair and camps, media, clubs and science-related organizations. With a minimum of such resources, most developing countries rely on formal education (generally up to elementary levels only) for the development of scientific literacy of their citizens. ProblemsThe Survey of Outcomes of Elementary Education (SOUTEL) reported the poor performance of elementary school pupils and the lack of difference in the achievement of 5th and 6th grade. Third International Mathematics and science study (1915) reported also that Philippines ranked among the lowest scoring countries. Problems are encountered in curriculum, learning materials, teachers and students performance. Factors of low achievement in science and mathematics (Ibe, M) ? Absence of a science culture ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teacher training, the school curriculum   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Instructional material ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teacher-learning process ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Languag e instruction ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Governance of education Reforms I. Improvements are foreign-assisted projects implemented in the country. Among these are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Science and Mathematics Education Manpower Development Program (SMEMDP) of the Japan Bank †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Project in Basic Education (ProBE) funded by Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) †¢ National Science Teaching and Instrumentation Center, a project with German governmentII. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Enhancing scientific literacy through science education is developing an ability to creatively utilize appropriate evidence-based scientific knowledge and skills, particularly with relevance for everyday life and a career, in solving personally challenging yet meaningful scientific problems as well as making responsible socio-scientific decisions. But it is necessary to recognize that enhancing scientific literacy is also dependent on the need to:Develop collective interaction skills, personal development and suitable communication approaches as well as the need to exhibit sound and persuasive reasoning in putting forward socio-scientific arguments. The emphasis on enhancing scientific literacy is placed on an appreciation of science; the development of personal attributes and be acquisition of socio-scientific skills and values. (Holbrook and Rannikmae, 2007) The government has a lot to do to improve the quality of science and technology education in the country.The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) should implement and develop the programs created. The school should nurture the talents and skills of students to develop their scientific literacy as well as appliying the knowledge in their lives. References: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Batomalaque, A. Basic Science Development Program of the Philippines for International Cooperation. University of San Car los, Cebu City, Philippines. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hernandez, D. History and Philosophy of Science Education. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holbrook, J. and Rannikmae, M. 2009. â€Å"The Meaning of Science Literacy† in Coll, R. nd Taylor, N. (Eds. ), Special Issue on Scientific Literacy. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. Vol. 4 No. 3. July, 2009. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ibe, M. and Ogena, E. â€Å"Science Education in the Philippines: An Overview. † Presented at the Science Education Congress, ISMED, November 27-28, 1998. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www. ibe. unesco. org/fileadmin/user upload/ archive/ curriculum/China/Pdf/beijingrep. pdf †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www. suite101. com/article. cfm/mass communication/ 95438 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www. sensepublishers. com/catalog/files/9789087905071. pdf

Historical Origins of Social Work Essay

Essay: In what ways do the historical origins of social work influence the current profession in Ireland? In order to provide an in-depth discussion on how the historical origins of social work have influenced the current nature of the profession in Ireland, it is important for me to provide a specific understanding of what the term denotes. Defined by Smale, Tuson and Statham (2000; 5), ‘social work is about the interventions made to change social situations so that people who need support or are at risk can have their needs met more appropriately than if no intervention were made’. Morales and Sheafor (1977) state that ‘professional social workers are dedicated to service for the welfare and self-realisation of human beings; to the disciplined use of scientific knowledge regarding human and societal behaviour, to the development of resources to meet individual, group, national and international needs and aspirations; and to the achievement of social justiceâ€⠄¢. Many individuals, other than field social workers and including all those who work in residential, day care and domiciliary care, otherwise known as social care or care workers are all involved in different types of social work. The Emergence of Social Work According to Sheldon and Macdonald (2009, p.19), ‘the term ‘social work’ was first used in Britain at the end of the nineteenth century’. During this era, people practiced social work in an attempt to establish more realistic ways of overcoming social distress as opposed to relying on traditional forms of charity work and philanthropy. Skehill (1999) and Darling (1972) state that Irish social work shares many traditional aspirations of social work elsewhere, such as in Britain and Finland and has been influenced by such countries. However, it is also shaped by the particular nature of Ireland’s society and by key political processes within the country over the past centuries. Albeit Ireland ‘industrialising’ at a different rate in comparison to England and elsewhere, key features of modern society such as: the growth in expert knowledge in relation to individuals and the family, the emanation of new expert professionals and the emergence of a liberal form of government do appear to have had an impact on shaping Irish social work (Skehill, 1999). Earlier forms of social work in Ireland evolved from religious motives which included the giving of alms and the giving of service. Skehill (1999) highlights that the relationship between the  religious bodies and their concern with the provision of charitable relief is of great importance, with the rivalry between Catholic and Protestant charities being the most significant aspect of the religious base of charities in the 19th century. Down through the years, Ireland has been a place where individuals have been ‘inspired by a sense of vocation and largely guided by intuition’ (Darling, 1972; 24). Such individuals have endeavoured to alleviate the pain and suffering of the casualties within our society. An example of such heroic bodies in Ireland includes ‘Mary Aikenhead, daughter of a Cork doctor and founder of the Order of Irish Sisters of Charity, who began prison visiting in Dublin 1821’ (Darling, 1972; 24). The 19th century is ‘characterised by a whole plethora of charitable activities relating to education, health and welfare’ (Skehill, 1990). In England, social work began with the identification, categorisation and organisation of various charities, which is most evident in the work of the Charitable Organisation Society. The COS evolved in 1869 and was primarily known as the Society for Organising Charitable Relief and Repressing Mendicity. This charitable body had a specific aim of attempting to address the disconnectedness between philanthropic organisations and bring these bodies together under some coherent umbrella (Skehill, 199). Over the same period of time (19th century), no such major body for social work existed in Ireland, however at the beginning of the 20th century the Irish state saw an attempt to standardise charity within the country. Notably, the nature of social work in Ireland is highlighted by the ‘link between philanthropy and its broader cultural and political discursive field, the relations between religion and charity, the gendered nature of practices, and the individualistic approach to soc ial problems’ (Skehill, 1990). Although, social work progressed to a greater extent in the 20th century, one could argue that some of the most defining characteristics of its current shape in society could be accredited to its earlier presence in the 19th century (Skehill, 1990). For example, social work in Ireland continues to be a practice that is primarily interested in assisting the less well off in society, with families and children being a key target for social work intervention and practice remaining individualistic. Also, the profession has continued to function traditionally based on caring for and overlooking the clients of its service (Skehill, 1990). Because of this, it  is important to look at certain aspects of philanthropy in 19th century Ireland in order to explore the charitable works’ contribution to the present day social work strategy (Skehill, 1990). Although social work began to emerge in the 19th century, it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that a coherent strategy o f social work developed (Skehill, 1990). What is significant about social work in the early 20th century is that it continued to be characterised by continuities in voluntary charity work and developed towards a more ‘strategic and structured practice of professional social work’ (Skehill, 1990; 61). However, throughout this era, social work also expanded due to a dual process of development between interacting strands of cultural, political, intellectual and institutional progression. This dual process of development includes ‘the emergence of training and education for social workers and the continued expansion of untrained social work’ within charitable bodies (Skehill, 1990; 97). The pattern of social work training that established in the 20th century persisted in the following decades, with the continuation of an individual focus, home visiting, in-depth inquiries and concentration on the poor, women and children remaining to be at the core of its’ practice. In Ireland, the health and welfare service continued to develop in the mid-20th century and as a result, had a crucial influence on the evolution of social work within this period. There was a decrease in the influence of the Catholic Church, professional training and employment for social workers increased and the State developed a greater role in the provision of social services which led to increasing opportunities for the development of social work. According to Darling (1971), formal social work training in Ireland began in 1899, when Reverend R.M. Gwynn established an association in Trinity College Dublin, with a primary aim of promoting the study of poverty. ‘The establishment of the Civic Institute of Ireland in 1914 marks a significant step in the evolution of social work in Ireland’ (Skehill, 1999; 91). The main aim of this society was the ‘study and investigation of all questions and problems affecting the lives of the Irish public in their capacity as citizens or as inhabitants of a city, urban or rural area of Ireland’ (Civic Institute of Ireland, 1914 in Skehill, 1999; 91). Bibliography * Considine, M. and Dukelow, F. (2009) Irish Social Policy: A critical introduction, Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Ltd. * Sheldon, B. and MacDonald, G. (2009) Textbook of Social Work, London: Routledge. * Skehill, C. (1999a): The Nature of Social Work in Ireland, a Historical Perspective, Lewiston, USA: Edwin Mellen Press. * Morales, A. and Sheafor, B.W. 1977. Social Work: A Profession of Many Faces. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc. * Darling, V. (1971) ‘Social Work in the Republic of Ireland’. Social studies, Irish Journal of Sociology, 1(1)24-37. *

The Role of Airplanes during World War I (1914

The Role of Airplanes during World War I (1914 Introduction World War I (WWI)[1] refers to an international conflict that was mainly based in the continental Europe spanning from mid 1914 to late 1918. The conflict engaged all the great nations of the world apparently grouped into two rival coalitions: the allies, which mainly included France and Britain, and the Central Powers mainly involving Germany and Italy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Airplanes during World War I (1914-1918) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human casualty rate was particularly high due to technological inventions such as the lethal use of warplanes. Primary causes of the conflict entailed imperial, territorial, as well as economic quests of the leading European powers mainly involving the German, British, and the Russian Empires. The killing of Austria’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 proved to be the primary spark of the battle[2]. The US was reportedly un successful in inventing an airplane model of it’s own during the war though it also presented its underdeveloped airplane industry to battle with the basic momentum alongside some other ground works for stability purposes. Role played by Airplanes during WWI WWI was the first war to deploy airplanes on a large scale[3]. Tethered surveillance balloons had conventionally been applied in numerous conflicts. They were consequently utilized to locate enemy weapons. Germany particularly used Zeppelins for surveillance as well tactical bombing of the North Sea region of England. Airplanes, primarily reserved for reconnaissance, had just been introduced to facilitate combat activities incidentally by the onset of the war[4]. Pilots, as well as technicians, designed various superior models ranging from bombers, ground-attack airplanes, and fighters based on their experience[5]. Notably, fighter pilots were cherished as contemporary knights who were embraced as public heroes[6]. The ba ttle further witnessed the assignment of top officers to overlook the belligerent states’ air war strategies. Whereas the influence of airplane in the course of conflict was still inadequate, various new ideas were merged in prospective wars. The Aviation Industry The Italians originally deployed airplanes in the late 1911 during the Italo-Turkish War particularly in Libya for the purpose of surveillance and later for dropping missiles, as well as aerial photography[7]. They were afterwards applied for ground attacks besides eliminating opponent planes and anti-aircraft artillery. The trends were eventually adjusted to design fighter airplanes[8]. Mainly the British, alongside the Germans, developed tactical military aircraft. Over the last period of the war, airplanes with HMS Furious attacking Sop were also introduced by the ‘Allies’ in an operation to wipe out the Zeppelin base at Tondern[9]. Surveillance balloons floating deep within the trenches were often u tilized as immobile reconnaissance bases to monitor rival activities besides directing missiles. Highly valued[10] as observation points, balloons represented major targets for the enemy’s air raids. Hence, antiaircraft guns tightly guarded the balloons besides being monitored by allied aircrafts.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Eventually, the surveillance purpose of balloons alongside blimps led to the emergence of air-to-air conflict among all models of aircraft along with the trench standoff by considering the fact it was impractical to shift vast groups of troops unobserved[11]. Supported by airships, the Germans carried out persistent air attacks in the British territories between 1915 and 1916 with the aim of demoralizing British confidence besides diverting the enemy’s airplanes from the combat front lines. The US Participation in WWI Aviation wa s one of the major challenges during war mobilization. Even though the US flew the first airplane in history, the sector had stalled mainly because of disagreements concerning patent rights[12]. In 1916, when the European nations were dogged in aerial armament contests, the Mexican activist, Pancho Villa[13], engaged the US troops along with its only aerial unit using the first Aero Squadron over its hilly southwestern region. The squadron reportedly outfitted with the finest of the federal military. Six Curtiss JN-2 proved irrelevant as America’s groundbreaking warplane[14]. When the impact of the aerial unit was assessed after the operation, it was noted that, with adequate scheming, an aerial arm might be of indispensable assistance to the ground wings. The federal administration hence unveiled a commission to research on how to advance the military aviation. Nonetheless, the commission faced many challenges since the government selected various distinctive bodies such as the Signal Corp and Aircraft Production Board[15] with equal powers in decision-making. None of them was ready to approve other’s ideas. The federal was also badly in need of a stable industrial infrastructure to jumpstart the sector as opposed to the dozen airplane industries with a maximum of 10,000 accomplished personnel. To ensure growth towards the right direction, the US Congress assigned resources for the sector to endorse growth besides spearheading accords that permitted patents to be acquired by the rival companies thus terminating the patent standoff involving the Wright Company and the airplane society (Johnson 76). Progressively, the Signal Corps created an aerial unit that later became the US Air Service (USAS)[16]. The country was also urgently in need of brilliant aircraft designers such as Anthony Fokker and Luis Blà ©riot[17] to assist in devising a modern warplane. The US Air Service (USAS) The USAS[18] prepared the foundation for US Air Force during, as w ell as after the First World War. Even though the Europe conflicts forced the US Congress to improve funding for the Signal Corps in1916, it later introduced a bill that required the aviation unit to integrate all facets of military aviation[19]. The early 1917 affirmation of combat against Germany also forced the US to find amicable solutions to the prevailing engineering and manufacturing challenges.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Airplanes during World War I (1914-1918) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government further formed a consultative ‘Aircraft Production Board’ that was made up of members of the Army, Navy, as well as the sector to assess the Europeans fortunes in aircraft sector in a bid to upgrade the aircraft devices[20]. After the US formerly joined the conflict, the allies volunteered their aircraft models to guide the sector. However, the English-model De Havi lland DH-4 became the only US-assembled aircraft to partake in the war[21]. The country also exhibited a shortage of pilots and technicians since, in the absence of modern warplanes and familiarity, they were unable to edify themselves in war skills. Nonetheless, contracts were negotiated with the allies late in 1917. Various contingents of pilots were trained at flying centers in France alongside Italy. The earliest US squadrons were ready for duty by April 1918. They were posted in France around Toul where they could ease to duty when called upon to participate. By June 1918, intelligence alleged that the Germans were planning an attack on Chateau-Thierry. Hence, the US ground units were ordered to resist the advance. The USAS, â€Å"headed by the military Commander Colonel Billy Mitchell, also combined a couple of squadrons to form the First Pursuit Group (FPG)†[22] to assist the ground troops. However, the Germans, with numerous superior and experienced squadrons, expecte dly overwhelmed the amateur Americans by hiring old Nieuports. Although the Americans were up to the challenge and were never demoralized, they later proved victorious in assisting to thwart the German invasion though with considerable losses under the command of Mitchell, as well as the help from Allied powers[23]. Halting Pershing’s approach at Saint-Mihiel, Mitchell deployed around three-quarters of the units directly to provide support for ground contingents while the rest concentrated in bombing enemy points on the back line in an attempt to destabilize Germany’s determination on the battlefront[24]. The USAS recorded a successful performance, as Mitchell’s squadrons held air dominance besides witnessing at least 60 victories where they assisted the ground force to recapture the region in the process following the 1914 German incursion. By the conclusion of the war in 1918, the USAS generally had relied on around 45 airplanes to cover about 137 kilometers w hereas 71 pilots were endorsed for bombing an average of five German airplanes during the war. Financial, economic, and production issues of the US airplane industry The US was notably unsuccessful in designing airplanes of its own throughout the First World War era[25]. Nonetheless, the experience guaranteed momentum for the developing sector besides offering numerous aircraft companies a lifeline. In terms of finance, as revealed by, the US entered WWI under the vow that it would rock German skies using the best aerial squadron in existence thus consequently backing the assurance with about $600 million (1).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as opponents alleged, after the conclusion of the war, the US only exhibited 196 home-assembled airplanes in the European battle Front thus rendering the incentive subject to various federal enquiries concerning misuse of huge resources. Besides the 196 DH-4s machines, the country had about 270 aircrafts designed for its training units, 323 under supply bases, and 2000 pending consignment to the western front[26]. Generally, about 3540 fighter airplanes had been manufactured alongside around 6000 training models while a minimum of 1400 warplanes were acquired from Europe. The amount seemed impressive: it was arguably a shortfall. This was upon considering the financial backup that was awarded to the sector besides a maximum of 2000 airplanes that were in record by July 1918. In terms of the economy, following the declaration of war, America never even attempted to deploy its enormous resource potential in the European war (Tucker 26). Instead, it opted to preserve its work force that reportedly exceeded those of all the other nations that took part in the combat. This allowed the US to concentrate on its emerging industrial supremacy, which progressively surpassed the impasse, as well as squalor of the draining battle, which eventually boosted the allies to defeat Germany. Besides being a modern and efficient weapon, the airplane had been originally invented in the US’ citizens. Supported with progress in other economic sectors during the Great War era, it emerged as the country’s greatest input to the WWI operation. Most American WWI era production was tailored on the development of training airplanes of the Britain model[27], De Havilland DH-4 fighters, and airplane equipments. Prior to the mass manufacturing, the US channeled its resources on the invention of a specific European aircraft. Early in 1917, the defense department dispatched the Bolling Commission to Europe to appraise the sector to choose a specific airplane model to be a dopted by the country. They opted for British DH-4 apparently invented by Geoffrey de Havilland. The DH-4[28] was partly favored because Britain approved liberal application of its certificate for the automobile, but not because it was superior to French airplanes, which obligated royalty compensation. Although the Aircraft Production Board (APB) did accept criticism of the decision to limit producers to one model, the mandate was eventually revoked though it was too late and never influenced the war[29]. During the era, federal law recommended that the administration must not solely depend on private producers to supply their aircraft equipments. This accordingly resulted to the formation of the Philadelphia based Naval Aircraft Factory (NAF) by 1971 to invent and manufacture wartime airplanes besides putting private companies in costs alongside profit check. Although the private sector attempted to thwart its development, the NAF efficiently invented and manufactured a variety of naval airplanes such as the Curtiss H-16s, flying boats, and corresponding spare parts. Apart from the development exhibited by the established aircraft industries, a range of emerging manufacturers sprung up throughout the war era including the Dayton-Wright Company, the Lewis and Vought, and the Aero Corporation. 31 airplane companies were recorded at the end of the conflict in 1919. Nonetheless, at its best, wartime service was estimated at 175,000 while manufacturers produced at the level of above 12,000 airplanes annually by the conclusion of the war. Massive contracts for assembling the DH-4 were awarded to various companies including Dayton-Wright, Glenn L. Curtiss, and Fisher Body among others. Although critics argued that these manufacturers lacked the basic know-how while more reliable groups had been overlooked besides alleging the manufacturers of inflating costs in an attempt to gain unfair profits. Generally, the total amount of the US-assembled DH-4s was limited with most American troops in Europe relying on the French-made airplanes to oversee their expeditions. By the time the federal administration hoped to intervene, pungent patent lawsuits had been proceeding for almost a decade. The government mobilized the rival producers to create the Manufacturers Aircraft Association (MAA). The union members exhibited cross-licensing accords, which permitted producers to utilize the ideas that their counterparts had invented though at a fee, which depended on the value of the involved technology. Federal law during the era recommended that the administration must not solely depend on private producers to supply their aircraft equipments. Conclusion Finally, WWI remarkably signaled the fall of European supremacy that had spanned for over five centuries. As discussed, the airplane industry played a crucial role in fueling the war following the support it offered to the victim countries. As the European nations concentrated on the domestic disastrous comb at, others continents successfully fulfilled and reduced their vitality by making up for their imports and knowledge. The US particularly for the first time rallied its vast industrial capability to intervene beyond the American region. America’s involvement in the First World War was notably limited. By the period the nation joined the battle, aviation technology had already advanced far much ahead. Still, the US with an exceptional magnitude of moral energy along with determination managed to assist in ensuring success for the allies over last months of the battle following the support of the airplane industry as discussed. Moreover, it also acquired the highly needed aviation technology from the brief combat stint coupled with a federal passion for flying, which eventually provided the groundwork for the US Golden Age of Flight (GAF). Chambers, John. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print. History SparkNotes. World War I (1914–1919), 2012. Web. Johnson, Herbert. Wingless Eagle: U.S. Army Aviation through World War I. North Carolina, NA: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. Print. Tucker, Spencer. World War I: A D., Volume 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. Print. Zimmerman, Robert. â€Å"How We Won the War (With Tools Commonly Found in the Shop). The Model Aircraft Project.† Journal of American Culture 8.4(1995): 51-58. Print. Footnotes Also called Great War This aroused the anger of the many alliances that had already been established It was only 13 years after the first airplane had been developed Robert Zimmerman, â€Å"How We Won the War (With Tools Commonly Found in the Shop). The Model Aircraft Project.† Journal of American Culture 8.4(1995): 51-58. Print. They were new to this technology with many not knowing the exact use of airplanes, leave alone using them in the war Herbert Johnson, Wingless Eagle: U.S. Army Aviation through World War I. North Ca rolina, NA: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. Print. Zimmerman 53 They were believed to work well with two wings for easy lifting They were primarily used to carry bombs Johnson 64 Spencer Tucker, World War I: A D., Volume 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. Print. John Chambers, The Oxford Companion to American Military History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print. He was initially a gangster who contributed a lot towards the Mexican revolution during 1911 and 1923 when he died Zimmerman 54 The service was a very active US airplane service during the WWI. Its well known for assembling the first aviation body squadrons in the US between 1914-18 â€Å"This was the forerunner of the US during after the WWI† (John Chambers 14) They were experts in the field of aviation to the level of publishing the book ‘Early Birds of Aviation’ to give a picture of the airplanes used during WWI Made in September 1917 The then aviation body was inadequate and could not help much in the war Chambers 67 However, this was not again efficient , as it could not meet the US’ expectation during the war Tucker 9 Tucker 19 Johnson 74 It lacked competent people in the aircraft designing sector and hence the need to train more This step confirmed the US’ efforts to take control of the war using its well-up aviation industry This was after the US performed poorly in Mexico, a situation that pushed it to come up with finer strategies in a bid to gain a competitive edge over the European aircraft designers These were the most popular as they were numerous though only 1213 were taken abroad while 1087 being assembled History SparkNotes, World War I (1914–1919), 2012. Web.

About India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd.

CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION BRIEF HISTORY About India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd. Yamaha made its initial foray into India in 1985. Subsequently, it entered into a 50:50 joint venture with the Escorts Group in 1996. However, in August 2001, Yamaha acquired its remaining stake as well, bringing the Indian operations under its complete control as a 100% subsidiary of Yamaha Motor Co. , Ltd, Japan. India Yamaha Motor operates from its state-of-the-art-manufacturing units at Faridabad in Haryana and Surajpur in Uttar Pradesh and produces motorcycles both for domestic and export markets. With a strong workforce of 2000 employees, India Yamaha Motor is highly customer-driven and has a countrywide network of over 400 dealers. The company pioneered the volume bike segment with the launch of its 100 cc 2-stroke motorcycle RX 100. Since then, it has introduced an entire range of 2-stroke and 4-stroke bikes in India. Presently, its product portfolio includes Crux (100cc), Alba (106cc) and Gladiator (125cc). MAJOR PRODUCTS SERVICES: Manufacture and sales of motorcycles, scooters, electro-hybrid bicycles, boats, sail boats, Water Vehicles, pools, utility boats, fishing boats, outboard motors, diesel engines, 4-wheel ATVs, side-by-side vehicles, racing karts, golf cars, multi-purpose engines, generators, water pumps, snowmobiles, small-sized snow throwers, automotive engines, intelligent machinery, industrial-use remote control helicopters, electrical power units for wheelchairs, helmets. Biotechnological production, processing and sales of agricultural and marine products and microorganisms. * Import and sales of various types of products, development of tourist businesses and management of leisure, recreational facilities and related services. HEADQUARTERS: 2500 Shingai, Iwata-shi, Shizuoka-ken, Japan CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY For society, for the world †¦ Yamaha works to realize ur corporate mission of creating Kando Yamaha Motor is a company that has worked ever since its founding to build products defined by the concepts of â€Å"high-quality and high-performance† and â€Å"light weight and compactness† as we have continued to develop new technologies in the areas of small engine technology and FRP processing technology as well as control and component technologies. It can also be said that our corporate history has taken a path where â€Å"people† are the fundamental element and our product creation and other corporate activities have always been aimed at touching people’s hearts. Our goal has always been to provide products that empower each and every customer and make their lives more fulfilling by offering greater speed, greater mobility and greater potential. Said in another way, our aim is to bring people greater joy, happiness and create Kando* in their lives. As a company that makes the world its field and offers products for the land, the water, the snowfields and the sky, Yamaha Motor strives to be a company that â€Å"offers new excitement and a more fulfilling life for people all over the world† and to use our ingenuity and passion to realize peoples’ dreams and always be the ones they look to for â€Å"the next Kando. † About the subject Customer satisfaction, a term frequently used in  marketing, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is defined as the number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals. Customer Satisfaction in 7 Steps 1. Encourage Face-to-Face Dealings This is the most daunting and downright scary part of interacting with a customer. If youre not used to this sort of thing it can be a pretty nerve-wracking experience. Rest assured, though, it does get easier over time. Its important to meet your customers face to face at least once or ven twice during the course of a project. 2. Respond to Messages Promptly Keep Your Clients Informed This goes without saying really. We all know how annoying it is to wait days for a response to an email or phone call. It might not always be practical to deal with all customers queries within the space of a few hours, but at least email or call them back and let them know youve received their message and youll contact them about it as soon as possible. Even if youre not able to solve a problem right away, let the customer know youre working on it. 3. Be Friendly and Approachable A fellow Site Pointer once told me that you can hear a smile through the phone. This is very true. Its very important to be friendly, courteous and to make your clients feel like youre their friend and youre there to help them out. There will be times when you want to beat your clients over the head repeatedly with a blunt object it happens to all of us. Its vital that you keep a clear head, respond to your clients wishes as best you can, and at all times remain polite and courteous. 4. Have a Clearly-Defined Customer Service Policy This may not be too important when youre just starting out, but a clearly defined customer service policy is going to save you a lot of time and effort in the long run. If a customer has a problem, what should they do? If the first option doesnt work, then what? Should they contact different people for billing and technical enquiries? If theyre not satisfied with any aspect of your customer service, who should they tell? Theres nothing more annoying for a client than being passed from person to person, or not knowing who to turn to. Making sure they know exactly what to do at each stage of their enquiry should be of utmost importance. So make sure your customer service policy is present on your site and anywhere else it may be useful. 5. Attention to Detail (also known as The Little Niceties) Have you ever received a Happy Birthday email or card from a company you were a client of? Have you ever had a personalized sign-up confirmation email for a service that you could tell was typed from scratch? These little niceties can be time consuming and arent always cost effective, but remember to do them. Even if its as small as sending a Happy Holidays email to all your customers, its something. It shows you care; it shows there are real people on the other end of that screen or telephone; and most importantly, it makes the customer feel welcomed, wanted and valued. 6. Anticipate Your Clients Needs Go Out Of Your Way to Help Them Out Sometimes this is easier said than done! However, achieving this supreme level of understanding with your clients will do wonders for your working relationship. 7. Honor Your Promises Its possible this is the most important point in this article. The simple message: when you promise something, deliver. Clients dont like to be disappointed. Sometimes, something may not get done, or you might miss a deadline through no fault of your own. Projects can be late, technology can fail and sub-contractors dont always deliver on time. In this case a quick apology and assurance itll be ready ASAP wouldnt go a miss. Sales promotions Sales promotion  is one of the four aspects of  promotional mix. The other three parts of the  promotional mix  are  advertising,  personal selling, and  publicity/public relations. ) Media and non-media marketing communication are employed for a pre-determined, limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand or improve product availability. Sales promotion includes several communications activities that attempt to provide added value or incentives to consumers, wholesalers, retailers, or other organizational custom ers to stimulate immediate sales. These efforts can attempt to stimulate product interest, trial, or purchase. Examples of devices used in sales promotion include coupons, samples, premiums, point-of-purchase (POP) displays, contests, rebates, and sweepstakes. CHAPTER-2 RESEARCH DESIGN TITLE OF THE STUDY â€Å"A STUDY ON MEASURING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL AND SALES PROMOTION IN YAMAHA OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To know the customer’s perception regarding launch of new bikes FZ FZS by Yamaha. * To determine the customer’s satisfaction regarding bikes and after sales service. To determine the factors influencing the choice of customers regarding bikes * To know the market scenario of second hand bike industry. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at providing India Yamaha Motors with an insight into the success of FZ FZS as well as the customer’s response and awareness towards the brand, products and services of Yamaha. The data has been analyzed and presented in a simple and precise way on the basis of which pertinent recommendations have been made to the company to better the services, policies and strategies of the company in India. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND LIMITATIONS: * The report has been prepared on the basis of information collected from different sources. In order to achieve the objective of the project proper research method was applied.. After giving through brain storming session, objectives were selected and the set on the base of these objectives, A questionnaire was designed major emphasis of which was gathering new ideas or insight so as to determine and bind out solution to the problems. * * * DATA COLLECTION SOURCE * Research included gathering both primary and secondary data. * * PRIMARY DATA Primary Data was very crucial to collect so as to know various past present consumer views about bikes and to calculate the market share of this brand in regards to other brands. Fresh primary data was collected by taking direct feed back from customer which involved face to face interview with the customer as well as through telephonic interview with the customer , all the FZ customer who visited the de alership showroom for the service of their bikes were questioned in order to find out the customer satisfaction level. * SECONDARY DATA- are those which has been collected by some one else and which already have been passed through statistical process. Secondary data has been taken from internet, newspaper, magazines and companies web sites. * * RESEARCH APPROACH * * SURVEY METHOD: The research approach used was survey method which is a widely used method for data collection and best suited for descriptive type of research survey includes research instrument like questionnaire which can be structured and unstructured. Target population is well identified and various methods like personal interviews and telephone interviews are employed. * RESEARCH DESIGN This study is a mix of explorative and formal methodologies adopting monitoring and observing to study the dealerships in Lakhimpur and communication to elicit responses from customers. This is a cross sectional study done during th e months of June and July. For the customer satisfaction study a questionnaire was formulated containing 17 closed ended questions which were sent out for response through the internet and mainly through personal interviews of customers at Yamaha dealerships. This data was later analyzed using SPSS through performing the cross-tabulations on various involved variables. Results of this step formed the basis of the recommendations given to the company. To know the Yamaha reputation and sales promotion in motorcycle market, census method was chosen and all the dealership were individually visited in the area of Lakhimpur, Mosaram Auto Sales(Hero Honda), I did a market survey by taking open interviews to the dealers and brokers of the market. SAMPLE DESIGN For the sales promotion study a census methodology was adopted and all the dealerships and brokers of that region were visited. For the customer satisfaction study a sample of 100 persons was chosen from the Yamaha’s dealership in Lakhimpur. The sample was judgmental and methodology was non probability sampling Size of Sample| 100| Sampling technique| Judgmental (Non Probabilistic Sampling) | Location from which samples were taken| Lakhimpur| LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY * This research is geographically restricted to Lakhimpur only. Hence the result cannot be extrapolated to other places. * The study is restricted only to the organized sector of two wheeler industry * The seriousness of the respondents and their ability to justify their answers may also be a limitation. * The sample size is small due to the specified reasons. * Findings are based on sample survey. * All interview questions are undisguised or direct. Hence there is a scope for the respondents to be biased or pretentious. CHAPTER-3 COMPANY PROFILE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY TILL DATE The automobile industry is one of the biggest industries in the world. Being a major revenue and job generating sector it drives the economies of some of the superpowers of the world. In India the automobile industry has grown by leaps and bounds since the advent of the liberalization era the automobile industry and especially the two wheeler segment has grown by leaps and bounds. The liberalization has done away with primitive and prohibitive practices of licensing and restricted foreign investment have been done away with. The result of which was the entry of foreign players into the Indian market. The two wheeler segment was largely dominated by Automobile Products of India (API) and Enfield in the 50s. Later on towards the end of the 50s Bajaj Autos began importing Vespa scooters from Italian company Piaggio. In the following decades the automobile industry in India was mainly dominated by scooters with API and later Bajaj dominating the market. There were very few products and choices available as far as motorcycle is concerned and Enfield bullet and Rajdoot dominated the market. The 80s saw the entry of Japanese companies in the Indian market with the opening up of the market to foreign companies. Hero Honda and TVS Suzuki are companies formed in this era of market reform. The market was still predominantly scooter dominated and Bajaj and LML were the leading brands producing the products at that time. Scooter was viewed as a more family and utility friendly vehicle than motorcycle and hence was preferred. The Japanese companies not only collaborated with Indian companies to produce the already existing products but also brought in new technology as a result of which the ever conquering 100cc bikes which were extremely fuel efficient with 4 stroke engines were launched in India. These proved to be highly successful as they provided a cheap and affordable means of personal transport to all those who could not buy a car. The flourishing middle class took a great liking for these bikes and the bike sales in India began to grow exponentially year on year leading to Hero Honda becoming the leader in the two wheeler industry in India and the largest producer of two wheelers in the world. The post 90s era was the era of liberalization and weakening of restrictive measures. The government went on an overdrive to support the industry and all FDI regulations and licensing was abolished. 100% FDI was allowed in the automobile industry and the excise duty was also considerably reduced to its current level of 12% on two wheelers. All these factors combined with the rising fuel prices, the increasing dispensable incomes of households, easy access to finance, etc. have led to two wheeler industry becoming the backbone of the automobile industry in India. The two wheeler industry in India forms a major chunk of the automobiles produced in India. According to Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers statistics for the year 2008 – 2009, two – wheelers comprise 76. 49% of market share among the vehicles produced in India. The production share of two wheelers is quite similar to the market share. The two wheeler industry comprises around 74% of the total automobiles produced in India. The SIAM data for the year 2008-09 states that 8,418,626 two wheelers were produced during the year against a total of 11,175,479vehicles produced during the year. SEGMENTATION OF TWO WHEELER A Two Wheeler Sector Sub-Segmenting in the three Segments. . Motorcycle 2. Scooter Mopeds About India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd. Yamaha made its initial foray into India in 1985. Subsequently, it entered into a 50:50 joint venture with the Escorts Group in 1996. However, in August 2001, Yamaha acquired its remaining stake as well, bringing the Indian operations under its complete control as a 100% subsidiary of Yamaha Motor Co. , Ltd, Japan. India Yamaha Motor operates from its state-of-the-art-manufacturing units at Faridabad in Haryana and Surajpur in Uttar Pradesh and produces motorcycles both for domestic and export markets. With a strong workforce of 2000 employees, India Yamaha Motor is highly customer-driven and has a countrywide network of over 400 dealers. The company pioneered the volume bike segment with the launch of its 100 cc 2-stroke motorcycle RX 100. Since then, it has introduced an entire range of 2-stroke and 4-stroke bikes in India. Presently, its product portfolio includes Crux (100cc), Alba (106cc) and Gladiator (125cc). MAJOR PRODUCTS SERVICES: Manufacture and sales of motorcycles, scooters, electro-hybrid bicycles, boats, sail boats, Water Vehicles, pools, utility boats, fishing boats, outboard motors, diesel engines, 4-wheel ATVs, side-by-side vehicles, racing karts, golf cars, multi-purpose engines, generators, water pumps, snowmobiles, small-sized snow throwers, automotive engines, intelligent machinery, industrial-use remote control helicopters, electrical power units for wheelchairs, helmets. * Biotechnological production, processing and sales of agricultural and marine products and microorganisms. Import and sales of various types of products, development of tourist businesses and management of leisure, recreational facilities and related services. HEADQUARTERS: 2500 Shingai, Iwata-shi, Shizuoka-ken, Japan CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY For society, for the world †¦ Yamaha works to realize our corporate mission of creating Kando Yamaha Motor is a company that has worked ever since its founding to build products defined by the concepts of â€Å"high-quality and high-performance† and â€Å"light weight and compactness† as we have continued to develop new technologies in the areas of small engine technology and FRP processing echnology as well as control and component technologies. It can also be said that our corporate history has taken a path where â€Å"people† are the fundamental element and our product creation and other corporate activities have always been aimed at touching people’s hearts. Our goal has always been to provide pro ducts that empower each and every customer and make their lives more fulfilling by offering greater speed, greater mobility and greater potential. Said in another way, our aim is to bring people greater joy, happiness and create Kando* in their lives. As a company that makes the world its field and offers products for the land, the water, the snowfields and the sky, Yamaha Motor strives to be a company that â€Å"offers new excitement and a more fulfilling life for people all over the world† and to use our ingenuity and passion to realize peoples’ dreams and always be the ones they look to for â€Å"the next Kando. † VISION To establish YAMAHA as the exclusive trusted brand of customers by creating Kando (touching their hearts) the first time and every time with world class products services delivered by people having passion for customers. MISSION We are committed to: Be the Exclusive Trusted Brand renowned for marketing and manufacturing of YAMAHA products, focusing on serving our customer where we can build long term relationships by raising their lifestyle through performance excellence, proactive design innovative technology. Our innovative solutions will always exceed the changing needs of our customers and provide value added vehicles. Build the Winning Team with capabilities for success, thriving in a climate for action and delivering results. Our employees are the most valuable assets and we intend to develop them to achieve international level of professionalism with progressive career development. As a good corporate citizen, we will conduct our business ethically and socially in a responsible manner with concerns for the environment. Grow through continuously innovating our business processes for creating value and knowledge across our customers thereby earning the loyalty of our partners increasing our stakeholder value. CORE COMPETENCIES Customer #1 We put customers first in everything we do. We take decisions keeping the customer in mind. Challenging Spirit We strive for excellence in everything we do and in the quality of goods services we provide. We work hard to achieve what we commit achieve results faster than our competitors and we never give up. Team-work We work cohesively with our colleagues as a multi-cultural team built on trust, respect, understanding mutual co-operation. Everyones contribution is equally important for our success. Frank Fair Organization We are honest, sincere, open minded, fair transparent in our dealings. We actively listen to others and participate in healthy frank discussions to achieve the organizations goals. OVERVIEW FOUNDED: July 1, 1955 CAPITAL: 48,302 million yen (as of March 31, 2008) PRESIDENT: Takashi Kajikawa EMPLOYEES: 46,850 (as of December 31, 2007) PARENT: 9,019 (as of December 31, 2007) SALES:1,756,707 million yen (from Jan 1, 2007 to Dec 31, 2007) PARENT: 799,209 million yen (from Jan 1, 2007 to Dec 31, 2007) SALES PROFILE Sales (%) by product category (consolidated) Sales (%) by region (consolidated) MAJOR PRODUCTS SERVICES: * Manufacture and sales of motorcycles, scooters, electro-hybrid bicycles, boats, sail boats, Water Vehicles, pools, utility boats, fishing boats, outboard motors, diesel engines, 4-wheel ATVs, side-by-side vehicles, racing karts, golf cars, multi-purpose engines, generators, water pumps, snowmobiles, small-sized snow throwers, automotive engines, intelligent machinery, industrial-use remote control helicopters, electrical power units for wheelchairs, helmets. Biotechnological production, processing and sales of agricultural and marine products and microorganisms. * Import and sales of various types of products, development of tourist businesses and management of leisure, recreational facilities and related services. HEADQUARTERS: 2500 Shingai, Iwata-shi, Shizuoka-ken, Japan CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY For society, for the world †¦ Yamaha works to realize ur corporate mission of creating Kando Yamaha Motor is a company that ha s worked ever since its founding to build products defined by the concepts of â€Å"high-quality and high-performance† and â€Å"light weight and compactness† as we have continued to develop new technologies in the areas of small engine technology and FRP processing technology as well as control and component technologies. It can also be said that our corporate history has taken a path where â€Å"people† are the fundamental element and our product creation and other corporate activities have always been aimed at touching people’s hearts. Our goal has always been to provide products that empower each and every customer and make their lives more fulfilling by offering greater speed, greater mobility and greater potential. Said in another way, our aim is to bring people greater joy, happiness and create Kando* in their lives. As a company that makes the world its field and offers products for the land, the water, the snowfields and the sky, Yamaha Motor strives to be a company that â€Å"offers new excitement and a more fulfilling life for people all over the world† and to use our ingenuity and passion to realize peoples’ dreams and always be the ones they look to for â€Å"the next Kando. † What is Kando? Kando is a Japanese word for the simultaneous feeling of deep satisfaction and intense excitement that people experience when they encounter something of exceptional value. SWOT ANALYSIS A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firms resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. As such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. The following diagram shows how a SWOT analysis fits into an environmental scan: SWOT Analysis Framework Environmental Scan| /|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | Internal Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Ã‚  External Analysis| /   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  / | Strengths  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weaknesses  Ã‚  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Opportunities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threats| || SWOT Matrix| | SWOT ANALYSIS FOR THE TWO WHEELER INDUSTRY Strength * Established brands, Strong Brand Name * Fuel efficient * Style statement * Convenient in heavy traffic * Cheap and affordable * Easy and cheap finance availability * Patents * Good reputation among customers| Weaknesses * Extremely price sensitive * Short PLC * High R and D costs| Opportunities * Growing premium segment * Increasing dispensable income * Environmental concerns * Exports increasing * Very strong demand in the 100cc. segment dominated by limited players. | Threats * The Rs. Lakh car * Cut throat competition * Increasing number of players in the market * Rising raw material costs * Increasing rates of interest on finance| SWOT ANALYSIS FOR INDIA YAMAHA MOTORS Strength * Size and scale of parent company. * Effective Advertising Capability * Committed and dedicated staff. * High emphasis on R and D. * Experience in the market. * Established brand. * Established market channel. * Power, Speed Acceleration| Weaknesses * Small showrooms. * Not much emphasis on agg ressive selling. * Weak product diversity. | Opportunities * Growing premium segment. Global expansion into the Caribbean Central America. * Expansion of target market (include women). * Increasing dispensable income. * 1st mover advantage. | Threats * Cut throat competition * Increasing number of players in the market * Rising raw material costs * Increasing rates of interest on finance| RECENT LAUNCHES YAMAHA FZ-S Yamaha FZ-S 150cc, a recently launched bike by the industry giant Yamaha. After the grand success of FZ-16 Yamaha has finally launched its modified version (FZ-S) in India. This fabulous bike is equipped with all the necessary features one may think of. It stands ahead in style and performance not only in its segment but beyond. This bike is best suited for those who want elegance and power in one. It is designed and engineered with the capacity for active and aggressive enjoyment of around-town street riding and styling, bringing a sense of pride for the owner of the bike. It is especially designed to satiate riders desire for style and fashion. It is popularly referred as the â€Å"Stylish Macho Street Fighter† (Lord of the Streets). The primary features of Yamaha FZ-S include: * European international design * Stainless steel body Aerodynamic muscular design * High torque rate * Carbon pattern meter console * Latest graphics * Disk brakes * Electric start starting system * Electronic fuel injection system YAMAHA YZF R15 This is the latest offering from the Yamaha stable. The YZF R15 is the first truly sports bike launched in India. The looks and design have been done keeping the bigger R1 in mind and hence the resemblance. The bike is priced at Rs. 97,500 (ex-showroom) across India. It boasts of the first liquid cooled 4 valve engine in the two wheeler category which gives it better performance and power. It is a 150cc bike having enough power to bring chills to the rider when he revs up the accelerator BAJAJ PULSAR DTS FI 220 CC Bajaj auto has upgraded the Pulsar family with the launch of its high-end bike Pulsar DTS-Fi 220 cc. This advanced variant of popular Pulsar combines new features and advanced technology. This all new version of Pulsar is priced at Rs. 70, 000 (ex-showroom Delhi). The 2009 edition of Bajaj Pulsar comes without fuel injection technology but yet it will produce more power at 21PS. The new Bajaj Pulsar DTS – Fi 220 cc will reach the top speed of more than 140 kmph. This two wheeler from Indias second largest two-wheeler manufacturer comes with single cylinder 4 stroke air cooled engine. This motorcycle has a maximum power of 21. 04 @ 8500rpm and maximum torque of 19. [emailprotected] rpm. 1. 1COMPETITORS ANALYSIS 1. Bajaj Auto Ltd. Established in 1945 Bajaj Auto Ltd was incorporated as a trading company. Till 1959, they imported scooters and three-wheelers from Italy and sold them in India. The company got a production license in the year 1959 and fastened a technical collaboration with Italian PIAGGIO in 1960. Bajaj Auto Ltd. s one among Indias top ten companies in terms of market capitalization and among the top five in terms of annual turnover. The company started producing scooters in the year 1961 and followed three-wheelers production in 1962. Its collaboration with Piaggio expired in 1971 and since then, their scooters and three-wheelers are being sold with the brand name â€Å"BAJAJ†. Maharashtra Scooters Ltd. , a Company with 24 % equity participation by the Company and 27% participation from Maharashtra State Governments Western Maharashtra Development Corp. was formed in the year 1975 under the Horizontal transfer of technology policy. The first production unit is located at Satara, Maharashtra. The unit continues to collect scooters from CKDs supplied by the Company. These scooters are marketed through the Companys distribution network and under the Companys brand name. In 1984, the second production plant was set up at Aurangabad, Maharashtra. This plant started scooter production in 1986, three-wheeler production in 1987 and scooterettes and motorcycle facilities were commissioned in 1990 1991 respectively. Today, the company has become a market leader with annual production in excess of 1. 35 million units which was about 4000 units in 1961. These days, Bajaj Auto Ltd. has started offering products in all segments (mopeds scooterettes, scooters, motorcycles, three wheelers). TWO WHEELERS| MOTORCYCLE| Bajaj Avenger| 180 CC| Bajaj CT 100| 99. 27 CC| Bajaj Discover DTSi | 135 CC| Bajaj KB 125| 123 CC| Bajaj Platina| 99. 27 CC| Bajaj Pulsar DTS-Fi 220 CC| 220 CC| Bajaj Pulsar DTSi * Pulsar 180 DTS-i UG * Pulsar 150 DTS-i UG * Pulsar 200 Cc * Pulsar 220 DTS-Fi | 180 CC 150 CC 200 CC 220 CC| Bajaj Wind 125| 124. 6 CC| Bajaj XCD| 125 CC| SCOOTERS| Bajaj Bravo| 145 CC| Bajaj Chetak| 145. 45 CC| Bajaj Classic SL| 145. 45 CC| Bajaj Legend| 150 CC| SCOOTERETTES/MOPEDS| Bajaj Blade DTSi| 100 CC| Bajaj Cagiva CRX| 145 CC| Bajaj Fusion| 145 CC| Bajaj Kristal DTSi| 100 CC| Bajaj M 80 Electronic| 74. 08 CC| Bajaj Rave| 74. 08 CC| Bajaj Saffire| 74. 4 CC| Bajaj Spirit| 100 CC| Bajaj Sunny| 59. 86 CC| Bajaj Sunny Spice| 59. 86 CC| Bajaj Wave DTSi| 109. 7 CC| AWAITED MODELS| Sonic DTSi| Motorcycle| 1. 1. 2 Models of BAJAJ 2. Hero Honda Motors Ltd. Hero Honda Motors Ltd. is a result of the joint venture between Indias Hero Group and Japanese Honda Motors Company in the year 1983. This joint venture has not only created the worlds single largest two wheeler company but also one of the most successful joint ventures worldwide. Hero Honda is globally known of being the most fuel-efficient and the largest CBZ selling Indian Motorcycle Company. This is a relationship so harmonious that Hero Honda has managed to achieve indigenisation of over 95 percent, a Honda record worldwide. The below chart shows the golden years in the history of HERO HONDA :- 1985| CD-100| 1989| SLEEK| 1991| CD-100 SS | 1994| Splendor| 1997| Street| 1999| CBZ| 2001| PASSION | 2002| DAWN, AMBITION| 2003| CD-DAWN, SPLENDOR +, PASSION +, KARIZMA| 2005| SUPER-SPLENDOR, CD-DELUX, GLAMOUR, ACHIEVER | 1. 1. 3 Golden Years of HERO HONDA The company is committed to provide the customer with excellence. A rich background of producing high value products at reasonable prices led the worlds largest manufacturer of motorcycles to collaborate with the worlds largest bicycle manufacturer. During 80s, Hero Honda became the first company in India to prove that it was possible to drive a vehicle without polluting the roads. They company possess three manufacturing units based at Dharuhera, Gurgaon and Haridwar are capable to produce 4. 4 million units per year. They introduced new generation motorcycles that set industry benchmarks for fuel thrift and low emission. The unique features like fuel conservation, safety riding courses and mobile workshops helped the group reach in the interiors of the country. Well-entrenched in the domestic market, Hero Honda Motors Ltd. turned its attention overseas, and exports have been steadily on the rise. Over the years, the Company has received its share of accolades, including the National Productivity Councils Award (1990-91), and the Economic Times Harvard Business School Association of India Award, against 200 contenders. The gross sales of Hero Honda by March end2008 was 33, 371, 43 Crores. TWO WHEELERS| MOTORCYCLES| Hero Honda Achiever| Hero Honda CD Dawn| Hero Honda CD Deluxe| Hero Honda CD 100| Hero Honda CD 100 SS| Hero Honda Glamour| Hero Honda Glamour * Glamour * Glamour FI| Hero Honda Splendor * Splendor + * Super Splendor * Splendor NXG| Hero Honda Passion Plus| Hero Honda Sleek| Hero Honda CBZ X-TREME| Hero Honda Karizma| Hero Honda Hunk| | | SCOOTERETTES/MOPEDS| Hero Honda Pleasure| Hero Ankur| Hero Gizmo| Hero Panther| Hero Puch Automatic| Hero Sakhti 3G| Hero Stepmatic| Hero Street| Hero Winner| Hero Stepmatic| Hero Puch Automatic| Hero Sakthi 3G| Hero Winner| | | 1. 1. 4 Hero Honda Models 3. Honda Motorcycles Scooters India Private Limited Established in 1999, the Honda Motorcycle Scooter India Pvt. Ltd. (HMSI) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Honda Motor Company Ltd. , Japan and is located at Manesar, Haryana. The companys most well known brand is the Honda Activa that revolutionized the Indian scooterette market in terms of design and features. The company exports scooters to the European Union. HONDA MOTORCYCLES| MODEL| CAPACITY| Honda Shine| 125 CC| Honda Unicorn| 149. 1 CC| Honda Stunner CBF| 125 CC| Honda CBF Stunner FI| 124. 7 CC| HONDA SCOOTERS| MODEL| CAPACITY| Honda Eterno| 147. 7 CC| HONDA SCOOTERETTES/MOPEDS| MODEL| CAPACITY| Honda Aviator| 102 CC| Honda Activa| 102 CC| Honda Dio| 102 CC| CHAPTER-4 Data Analysis and Interpretation Age| No of respondents| % of respondents| 16 – 20| 28| 28%| 21-25| 41| 41%| 26-30| 20| 20%| Above 30| 11| 11%| Total| 100| 100%| Table no. 4. 1 : The Age distribution in the sample. ANALYSIS: 4. : Following points can be referred from the above pie chart * The above pie chart is showing that the customers of FZS are mainly coming from the age group of 16-25 that is around 69%, as Yamaha claims that they generally target their customers who are between the age group of 18 to 25, because that people of this age group are passionate and are style freaks, * So we can say that Popularity of Yamaha is available in the age of 26-30 (aroun d 20%) also because of its reputation in the world market. Graph no. 4. 1 RESULTS OF THE CUSTOMER SURVEY Table no. 4. 2 Marital status| No. f respondents| %of respondents| Married| 24| 24%| Single| 76| 76%| Total| 100| 100%| 4. 2 The Marital status distribution in the sample. Analysis: 4. 2: In this pie chart it is very much clear that 76% of the Yamaha’s customer is mainly the youth who are single, so Yamaha’s new launch FZS is mostly being accepted by the singles instead of family oriented people. Graph no 4. 2 4. 2 The Marital status distribution in the sample. Occupation| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Business person| 27| 27%| Student| 43| 43%| Office employee| 28| 28%| Others| 2| 2%| Totals| 100| 100%| Table no. 4. 3 4. : The Occupation distribution in the sample. Analysis: 4. 3: Once again we found that Yamaha’s major customers are the students of colleges and schools which consists 43%, as they want something special, new, stylish, masculine and at tractive and Yamaha is providing that in the form of FZS. Graph no. 4. 3 4. 3: The Occupation distribution in the sample. Table no. 4. 4 Income group| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Upto 1000| 17| 17%| 10001-20000| 33| 33%| 20001-40000| 40| 40%| 40001-60000| 9| 9%| Above 60000| 1| 1%| Totals| 100| 100%| | | | 4. 4: The Income groups distribution in the sample. Analysis:4. 4: In the income group distribution we can analyze that customers of FZS are coming from the Middle income group people which is around 73% by including 10001-40000 slab of income group. It shows that Yamaha is placing their products in the appropriate price range. As the people of this income bracket can easily afford this Bike. Graph no 4. 4 4. 4: The Income groups distribution in the sample. Table no . 4. 5 Purchased by| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Loan| 28| 28%| Cash| 72| 72%| Totals| 100| 100%| 4. 5: The Way of purchasing distribution in the sample. Analysis: 4. : Here again we can prove that the products of Yamaha are in the acceptable price range, as we can see that purchasing way of the customers are leading in the CASH sector. Customers are easily affording the price of FZS; they are not feeling much problem with the amount of FZS. Today’s customers are ready to pay for better facilities and technology and they feel that FZS deserves that price wh ich YAMAHA is offering. Graph no 4. 5 4. 5: The Way of purchasing distribution in the sample. Table no . 4. 6 Paid by| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Family| 51| 51%| Self| 49| 49%| Totals| 100| 100%| 4. : The Financing distribution in the sample. Analysis: 4. 6: In this pie chart a very important thing can be referred that Indian Youths are not so much independent in the financial matters, still they depends on the family, as Yamaha claims that they target the people of 18-25 age group, but here we can say that they should promote such kind of advertisements where the Yamaha products can link to the family. Ultimately family is paying the amount so Yamaha should target according to family also, so that the view of the children and family shouldn’t clash. Graph no 4. 6 4. 6: The Financing distribution in the sample. Table no . 4. 7 Compare Brands| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Bajaj| 26| 26%| Hero Honda| 23| 23%| Honda| 2| 2%| Bullet| 4| 4%| Yamaha| 6| 6%| No| 39| 395| Totals| 100| 100%| 4. 7: Compared brands with FZS. Analysis: 4. 7: Majority of people is not comparing Yamaha FZS to any other product and the number of such people is around 39%, But the second view which we have found that FZS is getting a very tough competition Fr BAJAJ HERO HONDA. BAJAJ has launched their new edition of Pulsar 220 at a very low price (around 70000 ex showroom price), which is the reason for the tough competition giving by BAJAJ. On the other hand HERO HONDA HUNK is also giving direct fight to the FZS because of its MILEAGE only. There are some more competitors which are stable at their market share in automobile industry. Graph no. 4. 7 4. 7: Compared brands with FZS. Table no. 4. 8 Choice of feature in a bike | No. of respondents| %of respondents| Style/Design| 54| 54%| Controll ability| 7| 7%| Pick up| 8| 8%| Reputation of maker| 6| 6%| Riding comfort| 12| 12%| New Technology| 8| 8%| Durability| 1| 1%| Others| 2| 2%| Mileague| 2| 2%| Totals| 100| 100%| 4. 8: The choice of Feature which is most important in a bike. Analysis: 4. : If we see the trend of Two wheeler industry we found that earlier people were looking mainly towards the mileage of the vehicle but now In our research we collected data and found that now customer’s perception has changed and they are shifting towards the style, design riding comfort of the vehicle, 54% customers have purchased FZS because of its Style Design and only 2% people are looking for the mileage. So in a way we can say they Yamaha exactly changed the perception of Indian customers. They are trying to attract customers with new style, design or look of the bike and creating passion in the customers for the speed and power. So through this we have proved our First hypothesis which was regarding the Yamaha’s new launch of FZ FZS that has changed the customer’s perception regarding choice of bikes. Graph no. 4. 8 4. 8: The choice of Feature which is most important in a bike. Table no. 4. 9 First Information source| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Tvcf| 45| 45%| Family/Friends| 24| 24%| Road show| 5| 5%| Websites| 3| 3%| Showroom| 12| 12%| Auto expo| 1| 1%| Newspaper| 4| 4%| Magazines| 5| 5%| Others| 1| 1%| Totals| 100| 100%| 4. 9: 1st Information sources and their shares Analysis: 4. : As we can see here the major promotional tool which is influencing the customers is TVCF which stands for Television Commercial, which is around 45%, after that the major source of awareness among customers, is Family/Friends. Magazine and newspaper consists only 9% in our research, but if we look them at a very good sample size then it is around 2% only. Graph no. 4. 9 4. 9: 1st Information sources and their shares Tables no. 4. 10 Improvement in Yamaha Image in india| No. of respondents| %of respondents| No| 2| 2%| Yes| 98| 98%| Totals| 100| 100%| 4. 10: Customer Perception regarding Yamaha Image after FZS Analysis: 4. 10: This is a good result for Yamaha that once again they are creating place in the heart of the customers, after the discontinue of RX100 Yamaha has lost very big amount of customers in the last 10 years, but after the launching of FZS, Yamaha has improved their image among the customers. Our data is showing that 98% people are admitting that Yamaha has improved their image after the FZS and R15 launch, feedback which we have got from the customers were like that Yamaha has produced something new this time and very stylish and well designed product.. By this we are again proving our second HYPOTHESIS that YAMAHA has regained its image after the launch of FZ FZS. es Graph no. 4. 10 4. 10: Customer Perception regarding Yamaha Image after FZS Table no. 4. 11 Comments about FZS| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Stylish| 45| 45%| Trendy| 6| 6%| Macho| 27| 27%| Low mileage| 16| 16%| Others| 4| 4%| Expensive| 2| 2%| Totals | 100| 100%| 4. 11: Comments for FZS by Potential Customers. Analysis: 4. 11: This year Yamaha FZS has got the BIKE OF THE YEAR AWARD which shows its popularity among the customers. It has fulfilled the desire and demand of the current customers, there are very few people who still need some improvements in the FZS but Yamaha is taking care of those customers also. As our data is showing that 78% people are giving good comments or responses for Yamaha, they are feeling that FZS is the most stylish and trendy bike in these days, 2% people are feels that spare parts of Yamaha FZS are very costly and 16% people are complaining for the mileage of the bike, therefore Yamaha should work on these loopholes of the bike so that they can attract some more customers. Graph no. 4. 11 4. 11: Comments for FZS by Potential Customers. Table no. 4. 12 Customer opinions towards safety and comforts| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Extremely| 23| 23%| Satisfied| 47| 47%| Netural| 10| 10%| Totals| 100| 100%| Analysis: 100% of the respondents 47% of the respondents approached were satisfied with the safety and comfort feature of the Bolero. Followed by 27% was extremely satisfied, 17% are neutral and rest of the 7% was dissatisfied with safety and comfort feature of Yamaha. % Graph no 4. 12 4. 12: Customer opinions towards safety and comforts Table no. 4. 13 Customer opinions towards Design| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Extremely| 20| 20%| Satisfied| 40| 40%| Netural| 27| 27%| Dissatisfied| 13| 13%| Totals%| 100| 100| Analysis: 100% of respondents 40% of the respondents approached were satisfied with the Design of the Yamaha. 20% were more satisfied, 27% of them neutral and 13% are dissatisfied with the design of the yamaha. Observation: As majority of the respondents are satisfied with the design of Yamaha, the company should maintain the same standard and it is suggested to come up with suitable measure to reduce the negative opinion among the consumer who are of the opinion that the fuel consumption is a dissatisfying factor. Graph no 4. 13 4. 13; Customer opinions towards Design Table no. 4. 14 Customer opinion towards consumption of fuels | No. of respondents| %of respondents| More satisfied| 27| 27%| Satisfied| 49| 49%| Not Satisfied and dissatisfied| 17| 17%| Dissatisfied| 7| 7%| Totals | 100| 100%| Analysis: 100% of the respondents 49% of the respondents approached were satisfied with the fuel consumption of the Yamaha. Followed by 27% was extremely satisfied, 17% are neutral and rest of the 7% is more dissatisfied with fuel consumption of Yamaha Observation: As majority of the respondents are satisfied with the fuel consumption of Yamaha, the company should maintain the same standard and it is suggested to come up with suitable measure to reduce the negative opinion among the consumer who are of the opinion that the fuel consumption is a dissatisfying factor Graphs no 4. 14 4. 14 : Customer opinions towards fuel consumption Tables no 4. 15 Customer opinion towards Maintaince| No. of respondents| %of respondents| Extremely| 23| 23%| Satisfied| 51| 51%| Netural| 21| 21%| Dissatisfied| 5| 5%| Totals | 100| 100%| Analysis: The sample drawn on the probability basis shows that out of 100% of respondents 51% of the respondents approached were satisfied with the maintenance of the Yamaha. 23% were extremely satisfied, 21% of neutral and 5% are dissatisfied with the maintenance. Observation: Though majority of the customer are satisfied that the maintenance cost of Yamaha is less, around 20% are not satisfied which may be because of comparison of yamaha with the newly launched competing brands coming with even lower maintenance cost. Graph no 4. 15 4. 15:Customer satisfactions toward Maintenance of Yamaha Chapter-5 Summary of findings Findings 1. It is found that the most preferred vehicle of YAHAHA FZ 2. It is found that from the data we can position our product to the comfort seeking group of people 3. It is found that many of the YAHAMA customers are buying its BIKE by seeing its brand name only. 4. It is found that major media that attracted the customers is television. 5. It is found that only a few customers are satisfied with the service. 6. Most of fortune yahama customers are interested to service their vehicle only at authorized dealer. 7. It is found that most of the customers preferred ICICI and SBI banks for taking financial help while purchasing a bike. . It is found that most of the customers prefer only in house finance compare to outhouse finance. 9. It is found that more than 80% of customers think that yahama bike are affordable only by rich men. Chapter 6 Recommendation, suggestion And conclusion RECOMMENDATIONS * SHOULD IMPROVE THE AFTER SALE SERVICES: During the survey we found that Yamaha is not satisfy ing their customers in after sales services, employees at dealership sometimes use harsh words and become rude to the customers, parts of the bike are not easily available in the market. This is the major drawback in capturing the market share so Yamaha should take some better steps to satisfy and retain their customers. * WEAK FOLLOW UP FROM DEALERSHIPS: We observed during the course of our studies that Yamaha was quite weak in following up with prospective customers. There was no communication from Yamaha showrooms asking the customers if and when they are willing to buy their bikes. Hero Honda, Bajaj and Honda showrooms were extremely attentive in this regard and perform maximum follow up on prospective customers. MEASURES SHOULD BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE ITS DEALERSHIP: Yamaha which is trying to build a brand new image of a high tech and stylish brand of sports bikes should take appropriate steps to show it in their showrooms. Showrooms like Oswal Yamaha, and Shiva Yamaha were very small in size and do not reflect the quality and scale of Yamaha in the market. Shiva motors was very dirty ambience and customer will feel that company is not working good that’s why they are not taking any actions toward their showrooms and this will definitely hamper the sales, so Yamaha should take care of these things. POOR PROMOTIONAL CAMPAGIN: The Yamaha ads seen on electronic and print media are absolutely out of touch with the Indian culture and thought process. If we see that Bajaj and Hero Honda has produced a very good link with the Indian family and customers can easily recall their Ads by well know punch lines like HAMARA BAJAJ or HERO HONDA DESH KI DHADKAN-DHAK DHAK. Yamaha is also focusing on this as we can see the AD of YAMAHA ALBA. An Indian consumer irrespective of their income level has a soft corner for traditions and culture of India. Hence, all companies including market leaders like Hero Honda and Bajaj capitalize on this behavior of customers and design their ad campaigns keeping India in mind. * YOUTH ORIENTED PROMOTION: Yamaha claims that they target the customers of age group 18-25 but their ad never represents this so they should make such kind of AD where youth should taken in as centre of attraction. They should do this earliest to capture the market because vast majority of people depending on ads and friends as their chief sources of information about the products. AGGRESSIVE SELLING: The Company should follow an aggressive selling concept. A non-aggressive selling concept which is clearly visible in its advertising campaign which does not hit on the customer rather aims to provide information in a subtle manner. These days they have hit on the right target as we can prove through our survey that people who purchased YAMAHA FZS, 54% people have seen the TVCF of Yamaha before purchasing the bike. Emotion al advertising which is the norm in India and which is very successful is not followed. INDIAN BRAND AMBASSADOR: The Company’s brand ambassador is VALENTINO ROSSY earlier we had JOHN ABRAHAM too but now YAMAHA does not have any Indian brand ambassador as compared to its competitors like Hero Honda who have Hrithik Roshan doing their ads and M. S. Dhoni doing the job for TVS. It is necessary for Yamaha to have a brand ambassador from India to connect with the Indian customer. * VARIETY IS NEEDED TO BE PROVIDED: Yamaha at the moment has a very weak product portfolio and its products are not that visible in the market or displays in dealerships except the Gladiator and now R15. The lack of product range visibility in dealerships and in the media and advertisements is adversely affecting the brand of Yamaha. If a customer want to switch from one bike to another Yamaha is not providing them options so here Yamaha should work to maintain their loyal customers. Yamaha should maintain and produce the bikes in quarterly or half yearly so that customers can avail options. * BRAND EXPOSURE SHOULD BE INCREASED OR TO TAP THE NICHES : There is a large market of unsatisfied customers in India. This effort would be in the direction to capture the unsatisfied customers and who are willing to change their brands on bike replacement. * FOCUSSED ADVERTISEMENT ON PRODUCT USP: The maximum demand among customers constituting the target market of India Yamaha Motors is for the power and style features of bikes. Hence, the company should produce products keeping the above factors in mind. CONCLUSION From the customers survey and desk research we conclude that:We are confident that we will continue getting technology from Yamaha , for its part, has also made similar statements. However, industry analysts do have doubts. Says an industry analyst, Yamaha’s track record in India does lead to some apprehensions. An analysis of Yamaha’s past tie-ups in India would prove so. This does throw up some questions with regards to the path ahead for Yamaha. These examples prove that Yamaha has always wanted to have its own entity, says another analyst. Most of the customers of Yamaha belong to congested areas. They mostly belong to middle class and are mostly officials/ executives. Thus, we conclude client has targeted the right segment . From the findings we conclude that a customers while purchasing a car, customers takes into consideration mainly fuel efficiency, good looks, low maintenance cost and reliability. The main competitors of Yamaha are bajaj Honda and herohonda The consumer preference basically depends upon wider network and better services. Customers are influenced more to buy a product by advertisements rather than dealer friend’s or family recommendations BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY 1) Phillip Kotler; Principles of marketing, 7th Edition; Pearson Publication. ) Saxena and Rajan; Marketing Management; Tata McGraw Hill; 3rd Edition 3) Ramaswami, V. S. and Namakumari, S. ; Marketing Management; Macmillan India; 2002. 4) Batra Satish Kazmi SHH ; Consumer behaviour text cases; 1999. 5) Gupta, S. P. and Gupta, M. P. ; Business Statistics; 14th Edition; Sultan Chand Publications. 6) Robert W and Boockholdt, James L. ; Factors Leading To change in consumer behavior: A Study of Managers Perspectives; Cr eativity Research Journal, 11(4), Page No. 245-307; 1998. ANNEXURES SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTIONNAIRE (For FZ customers) Contact- Place: Model: cc: Date of purchase: 1. Name: 2. Age: 3. Marital status: a) married b) single 4. What is your occupation? a) Student b) Office employee c) Factory employee d) Shop owner e) Business Person f) Other: ________ . Monthly household income: a) Up to Rs. 10,000 b) Rs. 10,001-20,000 c) Rs. 20,001-40,000 d) Rs. 40,001-60,000 e) Rs. 60, 001-80,000 f) Rs. 80, 001-100,000 g) Above Rs. 100,000 6. How did you buy the MC? a) Cash b) Loan [D/P: ] 7. Who paid for your MC? a) Self b) Family c) Others: 8. Did you considered other motorcycle while buying this model? a) Yes b) No 9. Which model did you compare with? Model: cc: 10. Have you seen FZ 16 TVCF? a) Yes b) No 11. Have you seen FZ 16 newspaper advertisement? a) Yes b) No 12. Have you seen FZ 16 magazine advertisement? a) Yes b) No 13. Do you take information from internet blogs? a) Yes b) No Which blog? 14. What was the reason you finally purchased your Bike? a) Style/design b) Mileage c) Resale value d) Reputation of maker e) Riding comfort f) Pick up g) Controllability h) new technology i) Maneuverability j) Riding position k) Quality l) Color/ graphics m) Big vehicle size n) Durability o) Price p) Low maintenance q) After sales support r) others: _______ 5. Please specify your source of awareness for your Bike? a) TVCF b) Newspaper c) Magazine d) Showroom e) Family/Friends f) Mall display g) Road show/Test ride h) Website/Blogs i) Radio j) Hoardings k) Auto expo l) TV news m) Others_______ 16. Do you think Yamaha has improved after FZS and R15? a) Yes b) No 17. How does your friend say to your Motor Cycle? a) Trendy b) Macho c) Stylish d) Low Mileage e) After sales service f) Poor Resale value g) Expensive spare parts h) Others______